BLADDER CANCER TREATMENT : surgery

TREATMENT FOR BLADDER CANCER

bladder cancer is very risky so it is more important to treat the bladder cancer.there are many ways to treat the bladder cancer like surgery, chemotherapy , radiation therapy etc......

                      

SURGERY 

surgery is mostly used to treat the early-stage cancer because in this condition tumor does not spread  through the bladder wall and also other parts of the body. so it is  more easy to  treat this type of cancer by surgery.

depending upon the stage of the cancer disease following procedure is recommend by the doctors.

  TURBT FOR BLADDER CANCER

 

TURBT for bladder cancer is also known as transurethral resection (TUR). this procedure is used to treat the early stage or superficial bladder cancer. AS we know that in superficial bladder cancer the cancer tumor does not spread through the bladder wall or other part of the body.To perform this procedure a instrument is put up through the urethra. the instrument is named as resectoscope.their is no need to cut the abdomen.at the end of the resectoscope a loop is provided to remove the tumor  or abnormal tissues.
                    after the whole process of the surgery it is also require to ensure that the tumor of the cancer are rootly destroyed. TO remove the all tumor of the cancer rootly ,a high-energy laser may be used to burn the root of the tumor. A cytoscope is used to view inside of the bladder.

SIDE EFFECTS

when the treatment is done then after  few days cancer again comes and again it is require to treat it by same procedure but due to the number of treatments the bladder become scarred  and it has no capacity to store much urine in it so due to this reason some people feel painful and frequent urination.  

CYSTECTOMY SURGERY

this type of surgery process is used to treat the invasive type of bladder cancer.
there are two types of cystectomy surgery process 
1. partial cystectomy
2.radical cystectomy

PARTIAL CYSTECTOMY

 this is used when cancer is invaded over the muscle layer of the bladder wall.it has only small part of bladder have cancer tumor. in this type of bladder treatment surgery the tumors are removed along with the bladder wall without removal of whole bladder.Nearby lymph nodes are also removed and examined for cancer spread.

                this types of surgery has an advantage that their is no need of reconstructive surgery.but it has a disadvantage is that the treated bladder have no capacity to store the more urine which also affect the painful and frequent urination.

RADICAL CYSTECTOMY

 this type of surgery is used when the cancer is more serious than in the case of partial cystectomy. when the cancer is spread out through the muscle layer or also other parts of the body then it is require to remove the entire bladder also nearby nodes.

               for the male patient  the prostate and seminal vesicles are also removed. for female patient, the ovaries, fallopian tubes (tubes that connect the ovaries and uterus), the uterus (womb), cervix, and a small portion of the vagina are often removed along with the bladder.

              this type of procedure are done through a incision (cut) in the abdomen. their are number of cuts are done in the abdomen which are produced with the help of an instrument, has a small camera at the one end to view the pelvis.this type of process is known as laparoscopic or keyhole surgery. this surgery some time called the robotic cystectomy surgery because surgeon can do the  surgey by robotic arm .it takes less time to recovery due to the small incision. 

               

 

URINARY DIVERSION

in most of the cases it is required to remove the whole bladder because cancerious bladder has no capacity to hold or store the sufficient amount of urine.in that case doctors will create new way to pass the urine out of the body.doctors use a small part intestine to divert the urine outside of the body.

                   A urinary reservoir also provided by the surgeon .this reservoir made up of part of intestine.it gives the batter life to the patient.surgeon can also able to connect a pouch to the urethra which is also known as neobladder.   

                   A neobladder is a type of bladder which is made up of intestine.the ureters are connected to the neobladder.

  SIDE EFFECT OF THE CYSTECTOMY

1.their is a risk of infection due to the surgery.

2. the main side effect of this surgery is bleeding.

3.patient feels discomfort after surgery.

4.neobladder is not very comfort to the patient because some time patient is unable to remove the whole urine from the neobladder.

5.their is also loss of sexual feeling both men and women because of damage to nearby organs.

6. it also affect the urination.

7.blocking of the flow of urine.

8.urine may also be leak through the bladder due to surgery infection.